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Twin towns and sister cities
Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal and social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties. The modern concept of town twinning, conceived after the Second World War in 1947,〔(''50 years of town twinning'', German stamp from 1997 )〕 was intended to foster friendship and understanding between different cultures and between former foes as an act of peace and reconciliation,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is town twinning? )〕 and to encourage trade and tourism.〔 In recent times, town twinning has increasingly been used to form strategic international business links between member cities.〔〔('Twin towns: should councils partner with foreign friends?', Guardian Local Leaders Network, 18 January 2012 )〕
==Terminology==
In the United Kingdom, the term "twin towns" is most commonly used; the term "sister cities" is generally used for agreements with towns and cities in the Americas.〔〔 In mainland Europe, the most commonly used terms are "twin towns", "partnership towns", "partner towns", and "friendship towns". The European Commission uses the term ''twinned towns'' and refers to the process as ''town twinning''.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】Action 1 - Measure 1: Town Twinning )〕 Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic use ''Partnerstadt'' (De) / ''Miasto Partnerskie'' (Pl) / ''Partnerské město'' (Cz), which translate as "Partner Town or City". France uses ''Ville Jumelée'' (Twinned Town or City), and Italy has ''Gemellaggio'' (twinning) and ''Comune gemellato'' (twinned municipality).〔(Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Firenze (BNCF) Thesaurus ) 〕 In the Netherlands, the term is ''Stedenband'' (Cities-bond). In Greece, the word αδελφοποίηση (''adelfopiisi''fraternisation) has been adopted. In Iceland, the terms ''vinabæir'' (friend towns) and ''vinaborgir'' (friend cities) are used. In the former Soviet Bloc, "twin towns" and "twin cities" are used,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Mogilev: Twin Towns - Twin Cities )〕 along with ''города-побратимы'' (Ru) (sworn brother cities).
The Americas, South Asia, and Australasia use the term "sister cities" or "twin cities." In China, the term is 友好城市 (yǒuhǎo chéngshì—"friendship city"). Sometimes, other government bodies enter into a twinning relationship, such as the agreement between the provinces of Hainan in China and Jeju-do in South Korea. The Douzelage is a town twinning association with one town from each of the member states of the European Union.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Douzelage.org: Home )〕
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